The existence of malaria in Sri Lanka is a matter for speculation. However, there is evidence to indicate that the disease was probably prevalent in the island for centuries. Out of the four species of plasmodia that infect humans, only three species were available in Sri Lanka. They were Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae. Since 1969 due to unknown reasons P. malariae was not found, only existence of P. vivax and P. falciparum were confirmed by microscopy. Anopheles culicifacies is the principal vector of malaria transmission in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has unstable type of malaria and a considerable degree of acquired immunity cannot be expected in the general population. Thus it is very important that special groups who are at increased risk be protected from malaria infection. Among these special groups the pregnant female is of paramount importance.
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